Low-cost portable throttle curve manipulator for smooth initial movement of an electric vehicle

This research aims to develop a low-cost portable throttle curve manipulator for smooth initial movement of an electric vehicle. The hardware is mostly made up Arduino and pulse width modulation (PWM)-to- direct current (DC) converter, which can be easily installed in produces output based on the input. suitable investigated two stages. First, four types are compared motor vibration change total energy usage during movement. They none, linear, exponential, polynomial with delay 1 s. Then, second stage, varied from 0.5 2.5 result shows that linear s appropriate refine vehicle exponential types. brushless DC (BLDC) decreases 148.75 Hz 107.45 90.64 joules 87.23 joules. Therefore, concludes developed using